Physical fitness is linked with a lower likelihood of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) and stroke, a study of more than 15,000 people, to be presented at the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) congress (24–28 August, Amsterdam, The Netherlands), has concluded.
It is estimated that one in three Europeans will develop AF in their lifetime. Patients with the condition have a five-fold higher risk of stroke than their peers. This study examined whether fitness was related to the likelihood of developing AF.
The study included 15,450 individuals without AF who were referred for a treadmill test between 2003 and 2012. The average age was 55 years and 59% were men. Fitness was assessed using the Bruce protocol, where participants are asked to walk faster and at a steeper grade in successive three-minute stages. Fitness was calculated according to the rate of energy expenditure the participants achieved, which was expressed in metabolic equivalents (METs).
Participants were followed for new-onset AF, stroke, myocardial infarction (MI) and death. The researchers analysed the associations between fitness and AF, stroke and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; a composite of stroke, myocardial infarction and death) after adjusting for factors that could influence the relationships including age, sex, cholesterol level, kidney function, prior stroke, hypertension and medications.
During a median of 137 months, 515 participants (3.3%) developed AF. Each one MET increase on the treadmill test was associated with an 8% lower risk of AF, 12% lower risk of stroke and 14% lower risk of MACE.
Participants were divided into three fitness levels according to METs achieved during the treadmill test: low (less than 8.57 METs), medium (8.57 to 10.72) and high (more than 10.72). The probability of remaining free from AF over a five-year period was 97.1%, 98.4% and 98.4% in the low, medium and high fitness groups, respectively.
Study author Shih-Hsien Sung (National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan), said: “This was a large study with an objective measurement of fitness and more than 11 years of follow up. The findings indicate that keeping fit may help prevent AF and stroke.”
